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Which sequence accurately describes the stages in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)?

  1. Fill, Aerate, Settle, Decant, Idle

  2. Mix, Settle, Decant, Fill, Idle

  3. Fill, Settle, Aerate, Decant, Idle

  4. Aerate, Fill, Settle, Decant, Idle

The correct answer is: Fill, Aerate, Settle, Decant, Idle

The sequence that accurately describes the stages in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is Fill, Aerate, Settle, Decant, Idle. In this process, the "Fill" stage involves adding wastewater into the reactor. This is essential as it prepares the reactor for treatment by ensuring that it is filled with the influent that needs to be processed. Following the filling, the "Aerate" stage takes place where air is introduced to the mixed liquor, promoting the growth of aerobic bacteria that are crucial for breaking down organic matter present in the wastewater. This stage is vital for maintaining the biological treatment process. After aeration, the "Settle" stage allows the mixed liquor to settle, which results in the separation of clarified effluent from the biomass (activated sludge). This settling process is important for removing solids, enabling a clear liquid to be drawn off in the next phase. Next is the "Decant" phase, during which the clarified effluent is removed from the top of the reactor while leaving the settled solids behind. This step is critical for effectively treating the wastewater and ensuring that clean water is discharged out of the system. Finally, the "Idle" phase allows the reactor to be in standby mode, during which no influ